What is "Ochugen" and "Oseibo"
Both "Ochugen" and "Oseibo" are customs to give gifts to express our gratitude to those who have taken care of us. These customs, however, had been quite popular till around 1980s, and it is getting more obsolete nowadays.
「お中元(ちゅうげん)」「お歳暮(せいぼ)」とは?
「お中元(ちゅうげん)」と「お歳暮(せいぼ)」は、どちらもお世話(おせわ)になった方に感謝(かんしゃ)の気持ちを込(こ)めて贈(おく)り物(もの)を贈(おく)る習慣(しゅうかん)です。1980年代(ねんだい)くらいまではかなりポピュラーな習慣でしたが、徐々に(じょじょに)廃れ(すたれ)、現在(げんざい)ではほとんど行われ(おこなわれ)なくなってきました。
Differences between "Ochugen" and "Oseibo" (year-end gifts)
There are three main differences between Ochugen (mid-year gift) and Oseibo (year-end gift): origin, time of year, and amount of money. The following is a detailed explanation of the background of the origin of each custom, the difference in the time of giving, and the difference in the amount of money.
お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)の違(ちが)い
お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)の主(おも)な違(ちが)いは、起源(きげん)、贈(おく)る時期(じき)、金額(きんがく)の3つです。お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)、それぞれの風習(ふうしゅう)が生まれた背景(はいけい)や贈(おく)る時期(じき)の違(ちが)い、金額(きんがく)の違(ちが)いについて詳(くわ)しく見てみましょう。
Origin
Ochugen is a culture of Chinese origin. According to the Chinese calendar, year was divided into three periods: January 15 as beginning, July 15 as middle, and October 15 as end. July 15, which falls in middle period was considered a day of atonement.
"Chugen" in China corresponds to "Bon" in Japan. In Japan, the custom of "Chugen" changed to one of gift-giving when it was mixed with Buddhist customs. Today, "Ochugen" has become a custom to express gratitude to superiors and those who have taken care of us on a daily basis.
It is said that the custom of giving year-end gifts originated from an ancient Japanese custom. Originally, the year-end gift was given as an offering at the "Goreisai," an event held at the end of the year to enshrine ancestors. Later, people who had separated from their families or married into another families gave gifts mainly to their relatives at the end of the year, but over time, it became established as an event to give gifts to express gratitude for the year to those who had taken care of them on a daily basis.
As mentioned above, "Ochugen" is given in the summer, and "Oseibo" is given at the end of the year.
起源(きげん)(由来ゆらい)
お中元(ちゅうげん)は中国由来(ゆらい)の文化(ぶんか)です。中国の暦(こよみ)では1月15日は上元(じょうげん)、7月15日は中元(ちゅうげん)、10月15日は下元(かげん)というように3つに分けており、中元(ちゅうげん)に当(あ)たる7月15日は贖罪(しょくざい)の日とされていました。
中国における「中元(ちゅうげん)」は、日本で言う「盆(ぼん)」に当(あ)たります。日本では中元(ちゅうげん)の風習(ふうしゅう)が仏教(ぶっきょう)の風習(ふうしゅう)と混(ま)ざることで贈(おく)り物(もの)を贈(おく)り合うものへと変化(へんか)していき、現在(げんざい)では日頃(ひごろ)お世話(せわ)になっている方や上司(じょうし)など目上の方への感謝(かんしゃ)の気持(きも)ちを伝(つた)える習慣(しゅうかん)として、「お中元(ちゅうげん)」が定着(ていちゃく)しています。
お歳暮(せいぼ)については、日本古来(こらい)の風習(ふうしゅう)が起源(きげん)と言われています。もともとお歳暮(せいぼ)は、年の暮(く)れに行われる先祖(せんぞ)を祀(まつ)るための行事(ぎょうじ)、「御霊祭(おれいさい)」におけるお供(そな)え物として贈(おく)られていました。その後、分家(ぶんけ)した人や嫁(とつ)いだ人などが年の締(し)めくくりに親族(しんぞく)を中心(ちゅうしん)に品物(しなもの)を贈(おく)っていましたが、時代(じだい)とともに、日頃(ひごろ)お世話(せわ)になった方に一年の感謝(かんしゃ)を伝(つた)える贈(おく)り物(もの)をする行事(ぎょうじ)として定着(ていちゃく)しました。
前述(ぜんじゅつ)したように、お中元(ちゅうげん)は夏場(なつば)、お歳暮(せいぼ)は年末(ねんまつ)に贈(おく)るものです。
Time of year
There is a difference in the time of year for giving gifts. The time of year varies depending on the region, such as eastern or western Japan, so it is necessary to pay attention to the region where the recipient lives when giving gifts.
Generally, Ochugen gifts are sent from early July to July 15th in the Kanto region in the east and from mid-July to August 15th. in the Kansai region in the west. However, please note that Hokuriku, Kyushu, and Okinawa have a special season for Ochugen, so please be careful when giving "Ochugen".
The season-end gift is generally sent between December 13, the first day of the New Year, and December 20, but, as with the Ochugen, there are regional differences, so please be careful when giving Oseibo. In recent years, the time for giving year-end gifts has been accelerated, and some people give them at the end of November.
However, if you are giving perishable foods such as fish as New Year's items, it is best to ensure that the gift arrives as close to New Year's as possible.
時期(じき)
お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)は、贈(おく)る時期(じき)にも違(ちが)いがあります。それぞれ東日本と西日本など地域(ちいき)によって時期(じき)がずれるため、贈(おく)る際(さい)は相手(あいて)の住(す)む地域(ちいき)にも注意(ちゅうい)する必要(ひつよう)があります。
お中元(ちゅうげん)は一般的(いっぱんてき)に、関東(かんとう)では7月初旬(しょじゅん)~7月15日まで、関西(かんさい)では7月中旬~8月15日までに贈(おく)ります。ただし北陸(ほくりく)、九州(きゅうしゅう)、沖縄(おきなわ)はお中元(ちゅうげん)の時期(じき)が特殊(とくしゅ)なため、贈(おく)る際(さい)は注意(ちゅうい)しましょう。
お歳暮(せいぼ)は、お正月(しょうがつ)事始(ことはじ)めの日である12月13日から12月20日までに贈(おく)るのが一般的(いっぱんてき)ですが、お中元(ちゅうげん)と同(おな)じく地域差(ちいきさ)があるため注意(ちゅうい)が必要(ひつよう)です。近年(きんねん)はお歳暮(せいぼ)を贈(おく)る時期(じき)が早(はや)まってきており、11月末に贈(おく)る方もいらっしゃいます。
ただし、お正月(しょうがつ)用品(ようひん)として魚のような生鮮(せいせん)食品(しょくひん)を贈る場合(ばあい)は、できるだけお正月に近い日に届(とど)くようにした方がよいでしょう。
Amount
The mid-year gift is to express gratitude for the first six months and wish for good health in the second half of the year, while the year-end gift is to express gratitude for the whole year. Therefore, the market price of year-end gifts is higher than that of the mid-year gift, and gifts that are 20-30% higher tend to be chosen.
The market price for the mid-year gift varies depending on the recipient. It is said that the market price for relatives and acquaintances is about 3,000 yen, and for matchmakers and superiors, about 5,000 yen, but many people give slightly more expensive gifts than the market price to those to whom they are specially indebted.
金額(きんがく)
お中元(ちゅうげん)は半年間(はんとしかん)の感謝(かんしゃ)を伝(つた)えて下半期(かはんき)の健康(けんこう)を祈(いの)るもので、お歳暮(せいぼ)は1年間の感謝(かんしゃ)を伝(つた)える贈(おく)り物(もの)です。そのため、お歳暮(せいぼ)はお中元(ちゅうげん)より相場(そうば)が高く、2~3割(わり)高(たか)めの贈(おく)り物(もの)が選(えら)ばれる傾向(けいこう)にあります。
お中元(ちゅうげん)の金額(きんがく)の相場(そうば)は贈る相手(あいて)によっても違(ちが)いがあり、親戚(しんせき)や知人(ちじん)は3,000円程度(ていど)、仲人(なこうど)や上司(じょうし)は5,000円程度(ていど)と言われていますが、特別(とくべつ)お世話になっている方に対(たい)しては相場(そうば)よりも若干(じゃっかん)高価(こうか)な贈(おく)り物をされる方が多いです。
Should we give both mid-year gifts and year-end gifts?
It is common practice to give both the mid-year gift and the year-end gift, but it is not necessarily necessary to give both. If your budget does not allow you to give both gifts, you should give the year-end gift to express your gratitude for the past year.
If you choose to give both, as mentioned in the section on gift amounts, it is good manners to choose an item so that the price of the year-end gift is 20-30% higher than the price of the mid-year gift.
お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)は両方(りょうほう)贈(おく)るべき?
お中元(ちゅうげん)とお歳暮(せいぼ)は両方(りょうほう)贈(おく)ることが一般的(いっぱんてき)ですが、必(かなら)ずしも両方(りょうほう)贈(おく)らなければいけないわけではありません。予算(よさん)の都合(つごう)などで両方(りょうほう)を贈(おく)るのが難(むずか)しいような場合(ばあい)は、一年間の感謝(かんしゃ)の気持(きも)ちを表(あらわ)すお歳暮(せいぼ)を贈(おく)りましょう。
両方(りょうほう)を贈(おく)る場合(ばあい)は金額(きんがく)で紹介(しょうかい)したように、お中元(ちゅうげん)よりもお歳暮(せいぼ)の方が2~3割(わり)ほど高(たか)くなるように品物(しなもの)を選(えら)ぶのがマナーです。
Manners when receiving gifts of mid-year gifts and end-year gifts
It is important to have good manners not only when giving but also when receiving gifts. When you receive a mid-year gift or a end-year gift, you should write a thank-you note to the recipient as soon as possible to express your gratitude. Generally, a thank-you note should include seasonal greetings, a thank-you for the gift, and a wish for future success and good health.
In general, it is not necessary to return gifts of mid-year or end-year gifts. Since giving a gift in return may cause the recipient to feel uncomfortable, express your gratitude by sending a thank-you letter.
If you really want to send a gift in return, you may choose to send a gift in the form that does not to burden the recipient.
First of all, let's check the types of "noshi". There are four major types of noshi.
1.Red and white bowknot
The " Red-and-White Bowknot" is used for " celebratory events that can be repeated many times or for "thank-you" because the knot can be easily re-knotted many times.
For example, it is most commonly used for events celebrating children's growth such as the weaning ceremony (held on the 100th day after the birth of a new born baby), 7years 5years 3years old ceremony, entrance and graduation, and adulthood, as well as for birth and longevity celebrations. It is also used for gifts of mid-year and year-end gifts, as well as for " internal celebrations," which are gifts in return for a gift.
However, there are certain occasions when the "red-white Bowknot," which at first glance seems to be an all-rounder, should never be used. These are occasions such as visits to the sick, get well, and wedding celebrations. These are not celebrations that can be repeated many times.
" のし "赤と白、黒と白。どう使うの?
4種類(しゅるい)の "のし "の違(ちが)い
1.紅白蝶結び(こうはくちょうむすび)
「紅白(こうはく)蝶(ちょう)結(むす)び」は、結び目を何度(なんど)でも簡単(かんたん)に結び直(なお)せることから、「何度(なんど)繰(く)り返(かえ)しても良いお祝(いわ)い事(ごと)やお礼(れい)」などに用(もち)います。
例(たと)えば、お食(く)い初(ぞ)め(新生児(しんせいじ)の生後(せいご)100日に行(おこな)われる儀式(ぎしき)や七五三(ひちごさん)、入学(にゅうがく)・卒業(そつぎょう)、成人(せいじん)といった子どもの成長(せいちょう)を祝(いわ)う行事(ぎょうじ)や、出産(しゅっさん)や長寿(ちょうじゅ)のお祝(いわ)いなどに使用(しよう)するのが主流(しゅりゅう)です。また、お中元(ちゅうげん)やお歳暮(せいぼ)、お返(かえ)しである「内祝(うちいわ)い」にも用(もち)いられます。
しかし一見(いっけん)、万能(ばんのう)に思える「紅白(こうはく)蝶結(ちょうむす)び」も、絶対(ぜったい)に使(つか)ってはいけないシーンがあります。それは、お見舞(みまい)や快気(かいき)祝(いわ)い、結婚(けっこん)祝(いわ)いなどです。これらは「何度(なんど)繰(く)り返(かえ)しても良いお祝(いわ)い事(ごと)」ではないためです。
2. Red-white Knot Cutter
Unlike the Red-white Bowknot, the Red-white Knot cannot be easily untied. Therefore, it is used for celebrations that should be done only once. It is also ideal for gifts that should be given only once.
Typical examples include wedding celebrations, sympathy and get-well gifts. For celebrations that can be repeated many times or when the "Red-white Bowknot" used for thank-you gifts is inappropriate, choose the "Red-white Knot ".
2.紅白(こうはく)結(むす)び切(き)り
「紅白結(むす)び切(き)り」は、「紅白蝶(ちょう)結(むす)び」とは違(ちが)って、結(むす)び目が簡単(かんたん)にほどけません。よって、一度きりであってほしいお祝(いわ)い事に用(もち)います。また、これらの内祝(うちいわ)いにも最適(さいてき)です。
結婚(けっこん)祝(いわ)いをはじめ、お見舞(みま)い、快気(かいき)祝(いわ)いなどが代表的(だいひょうてき)です。何度(なんど)繰(く)り返(かえ)しても良いお祝(いわ)い事(ごと)やお礼(れい)に用(もち)いる「紅白(こうはく)蝶結(ちょうむす)び」が不適切(ふてきせつ)なお祝(いわ)い事の際(さい)は、「紅白(こうはく)結(むす)び切(き)り」を選(えら)びましょう。
3. Black and White Knot Cutting
Black and white "Knot-cut" is used for offerings before and after the farewell ceremony. Black and white "Knot-cut" should be used for incense at a wake or funeral, and for offerings at a memorial ceremony.
*In Buddhism, a Buddhist memorial service is an occasion for mourning the deceased by having a Buddhist priest recite sutras. A Buddhist memorial service is held on a specific day or year after the anniversary of the death of the deceased. The Buddhist memorial service on the seventh day including the anniversary of the death is called "Shonanuka" (first seven days). The 49th day including the anniversary of death is called "Shijuukunichi. Other memorial services include 27th days, 37th days, 47th days, 57th. days, 67th days, 77th. days and 100 days, which are collectively called "memorial services.
3.黒白(こくびゃく)結(むす)び切(き)り
「黒白(こくびゃく)結び切り」は、告別式(こくべつしき)前後の御霊前(ごれいぜん-the presence of the dead)や御供(ごくう-the offering of the dead)に用(もち)います。通夜(つや)や葬式(そうしき)の香典(こうでん)、法要(ほうよう)のお供(そな)え物などには、「黒白(こくびゃく)結(むす)び切り」を付(つ)けましょう。
*法要(ほうよう)とは、仏教(ぶっきょう)においては僧侶(そうりょう)にお経(きょう)をあげてもらい、故人(こじん)を弔(とむら)うことである。法要(ほうよう)は、亡(な)くなった日、つまり命日(めいにち)から何日目、あるいは何年目というように決(き)められた日に営(いとな)まれる。命日(めいにち)を含(ふく)めて7日目の法要(ほうよう)を「初七日」(しょなのか)という。また、命日(めいにち)を含(ふく)めて49日目を「四十九日」(しじゅうくにち)という。他には「二七日(ふたなのか)」「三七日(みなのか)」「四七日(よなぬか)」「五七日(いつなのか)」「六七日(むなのか)」「七七日(なななのか)」「百か日(ひゃっかにち)」などがあり、これらをまとめて忌日法要(きにちほうよう)と呼(よ)ぶ。
4. gold and white knot cutting
"Gold and white Knot Cut", which is not so familiar in the Kanto region, is a type of "Noshi" used mainly in the Kansai region.
Its usage is the same as that of the " black-and-white Knot Cut". It is used for incense at a wake or funeral, offerings at a memorial service, and other offerings before or after a farewell ceremony.
4.金白(きんぱく)結(むすび)び切り
関東地方(かんとうちほう)ではあまり馴染(なじ)みのない「金白(きんぱく)結(むすび)び切り」は、主(おも)に関西地方(かんさいちほう)で用(もち)いられる「のし」です。
用途(ようと)は「黒白(こくびゃく)結(むす)び切り」と同じ。通夜(つや)や葬式(そうしき)の香典(こうでん)、法要(ほうよう)のお供(そな)え物など、告別式(こくべつしき)前後の御霊前(ごれいぜん-the presence of the dead)や御供(ごくう-the offering of the dead)に用(もち)います。






5 comments:
are there other similar gifts for occasions?
I didn’t know. I learned rules about Noshi
interesting article
In the past, there was a strong habit of delivering midyear gifts and year-end gifts from the contractor to the orderer on the job, but now this habit on the job is steadily diminishing due to compliance issues. Traditional customs are changing with the times.
Yes Bungee you are correct. This is good point. I will add your comment into my blog. Thank you😊
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