だくてん はんだくてん
These are the two small strokes to the right which change the sounds of K to G, S to Z, T to D and H to B. The Kana are considered “syllabaries“ rather than alphabets and there 46 basic characters in each.
Sokuon
促音 そくおん
This is a smaller Hiragana つ or Katakana ツ, that indicates a slight pause between two syllables.
When pronouncing a small "っ", it means "to choke", as if one's throat is momentarily clogged.
Pocky, (a Japanese snack food) is written ポッキーpokkī in rōmaji (romanized spelling used to transliterate Japanese) .The sokuon is represented by the doubled k consonant.
「っ」 | |
|---|---|
ホップステップジャンプ きっぷ(切符) | hop, step and jump tickets |
あっ! あっさり さっか(作家) | Ah! Simple Writer |
さっぱり | not at all |
きって（切手） | stamp |
がっちり | Guts |
ガッツ | guts |
けっこん（結婚） | marriage |
けっさん（決算） | settlement (of accounts) |
けっしん（決心） | resolution |
らっか（落下） | fall |
マッハ | Mach |
チューリッヒ | Zurich |
ワッフル | waffle |
長音（ちょうおん）
This dash-like character is used to elongate the previous character.
Also check on "ii" and "uu" ゆうめい yumei,くうき Kuki
Check the difference between the written and readings of "ei".
Teacher せんせい sensei,
Clothing いしょう issyou,
| みじかいおと ながいおと |
|---|
| ゆめ ゆうめい |
| おにさん おにいさん おじさん おじいさん おばさん おばあさん |
| おっと おとうと くき くうき ふせん ふうせん びょういん びよういん せんせい がくせい |
| にているけどいみがちがうたんご |
| いしょ いしょう いっしょう いっしょ |
Note 1
The long vowel sign is sometimes written with a vowel character in place of the long vowel sign.
[Examples: ballet (dance), mummy
Note 2
In some cases, it is customary to write "a" or "ou" instead of "a" or "ou".
［Examples: Eight, Paint, Layout, Spain (land), Canes (people), Salad Bowl, Bowling (ball game)
Note 3
In principle, English words ending in -er, -or, -ar, etc., should be
In principle, the long vowel sound of the "a" column is used to indicate the end of words such as -er, -or, -ar, etc. in English.
However, the "ー" may be omitted according to customary practice.
[E.g.] elevator, guitar, computer, scarf, slippers
注 1 : 長音符号の代わりに母音字を添えて書く 慣用もある。
[例] バレエ、ミイラ
注 2 : 「エー」 「オー」 と書かず、 「エイ」 「オウ」 と書くような慣用のある場合｡
［例] エイト 、ペイント 、レイアウト 、スペ イン (地) 、ケインズ (人) 、サラダボウ ル 、ボウリング (球技)
注 3 : 英語の語末の -er、 -or、 -ar などに当た
るものは、 原則としてア列の長音とし長音 符号 「ー」 を用いて書き表す。
ただし、 慣 用に応じて 「ー」 を省くことができる。
[例] エレベーター 、ギター 、コンピューター 、マフラー 、 スリーパー、
Abbreviations
略語（りゃくご）
OLD FONT
Sumaho is an abbreviation of the word sumaatohon (smartphone). Such abbreviations are frequently used in Jap- anese. Japanese abbreviations are made by omitting the end of the word, or by combining one or two characters from each part of a compound word. Many abbreviations are made from words of foreign origin, but they are sometimes created from Japanese kanji and people’s names. The following are some examples.
スマホ」は、「スマートホン (smartphone)」が
🔸 コンビニ ← コンビニエンスストア(convenience store)
🔸 エアコン ← エアーコンディショナー(air conditioner)
🔸 リモコン ← リモートコントローラー(remote controller)
🔸 ファミレス ← ファミリーレストラン(familyrestaurant)
🔸 セクハラ ← セクシュアルハラスメント(sexualharassment)
🔸 ポテチ ← ポテトチップス(potato chips)
🔸 各停かくてい ← 各駅停車かくえきていしゃ(local trains that stop at every station)
🔸 育休いくきゅ ← 育児休暇いくじきゅうか(childcareleave)
🔸 キムタク ← 木村拓哉きむらたくや(a Japanese celebrity 日本の芸能人)
🔸ググる← search in Google
旧字体 （きゅうじたい）
Wi and We ?
You may see wi ゐ (hiragana) and ヰ (katakana) and we ゑ (hiragana) and ヱ (katakana) appearing in other resources but we have omitted these from our Hiragana and Katakana Chart as they are considered obsolete in modern Japanese since 1946.
"Stapler" and "packing tape" are written in katakana, but they are not English words. Stapler" is the name of an American stapler company, E.H. Hotchkiss, which came to Japan and became known as such in Japan. Gummed tape" is a paper or cloth tape used to fasten cardboard boxes. "Gum" comes from rubber adhesive, but in English it is called "duct tape" and not "gummed tape. In this way, words written in katakana in Japanese that look like English but are actually understood only in Japan are called "Wasei Eigo" (Japanese English).
「ホチキス」や「ガムテープ」は、カタカナ で
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