The case particle 'ga' and the adverb 'wa' are used in the same way, but there are subtle differences. This distinction is one of the most difficult things in the Japanese grammar.
「が」も「は」はともに
A bank is over there.
It is a bank that is over there.
Quite normal sentence. In case you want to emphasize "Bank", you must you "ga".
1.
A bank is over there. (Emphasis on 'there' rather than 'bank'.)
「
If you want to emphasize "over there" rather than "bank", you should you "wa".
2.
A dog is in the garden.
It is a dog that is in the garden.
「
Normal sentence. But if you want to put an emphasize on "dog", namely, if you want to tell that the animal in the garden is not a cat, not a rabbit, but a dog, then you have to use "ga".
2.
The dog is in the garden.
The dog is not in the house, not in the park, but in the garden.
3.あの
That man is the president.
It is that man who is the president.
The president is that man; neither Mr A nor Mr B.
3.あの
That man is the president.
あの
He is not a General Manager, not a Manager, but the President.
In addition, 'ga' conveys 'information that has just come out for the first time', while 'ha' has the nuance of conveying 'information that is already known to you and the other person'.
For example.
4. Once upon a time, there lived an old man and an old woman (1). One day, the grandfather (2) went to the mountains to mow the lawn and the grandmother (3) went to the river to wash her clothes.
So which one do you put in?
(The reason why 'ga' is in (1) is because the appearance of the grandfather and grandmother at the beginning of the folktale is new information for the listeners. (The 'ha' in (2) and (3) is because the grandfather and grandmother have appeared once and this is information that the reader already knows.
また、「が」は「
たとえば、
4.
ではどちら を
(1)に「が」が
***Attention***
'wa' cannot be used in subordinate clauses, such as '~ if, ~ and, ~ so, ~ if', and in serial modifiers, such as '~ things', where 'ha' becomes 'ga'.
「たら、~と、~ので、~なら」のような
5.When he comes to our house, please serve him tea.
6.The only country I have been to is Japan.

No comments:
Post a Comment